ANOFTALMIA EN ANUROS DE LATINOAMÉRICA: NUEVO CASO EN COLOMBIA, ESTADO DEL CONOCIMIENTO Y PERSPECTIVAS PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22201/fc.25942158e.2025.1.1044Palabras clave:
Anormalidad ocular, anfibios, conservación, revisiónResumen
La anoftalmia es una anomalía ocular que se presenta con baja frecuencia en poblaciones de anuros en todo el mundo. En Latinoamérica, existen muy pocos casos reportados en la literatura y existen vacíos de conocimiento en torno a las causas potenciales que pueden estar ocasionando esta anomalía. En este artículo ofrecemos una revisión y análisis de los casos reportados de anoftalmia en anuros para Latinoamérica, identificando posibles causas y dando una perspectiva para la conservación. Además, presentamos el primer caso documentado de anoftalmia en Leucostethus aff. fraterdanieli (Dendrobatidae) para Colombia. Se recopiló información en las bases de datos Scopus y Google Scholar, obteniendo 27 trabajos con más de 88 registros totales de anoftalmia unilateral y bilateral en anuros de diferentes etapas de desarrollo. Se obtuvo información para 32 especies y un híbrido, producto de un cruce entre Rhinella diptycha x Rhinella arenarum, siendo Bufonidae y Brasil, respectivamente, la familia y el país con la mayor cantidad de registros de esta anomalía. La contaminación por agroquímicos y la hibridación son las dos únicas causas comprobadas asociadas a la aparición de la anoftalmia, mientras que la radiación UV-B, endogamia, mutaciones, entre otras, son causas potenciales que se deben evaluar a profundidad. Esta anomalía puede provocar cambios a nivel comportamental y fisiológico que acarrean efectos negativos como cambios en la estrategia de forrajeo y mayor vulnerabilidad hacia la depredación, afectaciones que se deben tener en cuenta en futuros planes y estrategias de conservación.
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