OLD CALL RECORDINGS OF DARWIN’S FROGS QUESTION THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF THESE ENDANGERED SPECIES

Gabriel  Bidart-Enriquez; José Mauel Serrano; Mario Penna; Nelson Velásquez

doi:10.22201/fc.25942158e.2025.4.1084

Autores/as

Gabriel Bidart-Enriquez Universidad de Chile
José Mauel Serrano
Mario Penna Universidad de Chile
Nelson Velásquez Universidad Católica del Maule

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22201/fc.25942158e.2025.4.1084

Palabras clave:

Área de simpatría, delimitación de especies, divergencia acústica, especies amenazadas, estrategia de conservación, variación geográfica

Resumen

En la literatura que evalúa el uso sistemático de evidencias bioacústicas, abundan más los casos de escisión que de fusión de especies, particularmente en anuros. El género Rhinoderma comprende dos especies putativas, las ranas de Darwin del norte (R. rufum) y del sur (R. darwinii) que comparten un área simpátrica histórica entre los 36.71 y 37.30° S en Chile central. Rhinoderma rufum no ha sido observada desde 1981. En este estudio analizamos grabaciones antiguas de cantos de anuncio de una población de la supuesta zona de simpatría entre las dos especies (Las Carmelitas, Región del Bíobio), identificadas en su momento como R. rufum. Evaluamos la diferenciación de los cantos de anuncio de esta población de la zona histórica de simpatría con los de poblaciones existentes de R. darwinii de áreas alopátricas. Combinamos pruebas GLM y análisis discriminante para evaluar las diferencias y la formación de conglomerados acústicos entre todas las poblaciones de Rhinoderma. El análisis mostró diferencias limitadas en los cantos de Las Carmelitas en comparación con los de otras poblaciones continentales de R. darwinii, pero diferencias considerables entre una población insular de esta especie y las poblaciones continentales analizadas, Las Carmelitas incluidas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la divergencia observada entre poblaciones de ranas de Darwin puede atribuirse a una variación geográfica dependiente de los regímenes ambientales a lo largo del rango histórico de una única unidad evolutiva dentro de Rhinoderma. El caso que mostramos aquí aporta pruebas para fusionar especies teniendo en cuenta la similitud de las señales acústicas.

Citas

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