MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION AND ANCESTRAL STATE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE HEMIPENES OF FIVE Anolis SPECIES (SQUAMATA: DACTYLOIDAE) DISTRIBUTED IN THE TRANS-ANDEAN REGION IN COLOMBIA

Stiven Melo Torres; Juliana Uchima; Nelsy Pinto Sánchez; Paola Sánchez Martínez

doi:10.22201/fc.25942158e.2025.2.1140

Autores/as

Stiven Melo Torres Semillero de Evolución y Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá, Colombia.
Juliana Uchima Semillero de Evolución y Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá, Colombia.
Nelsy Pinto Sánchez Semillero de Evolución y Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá, Colombia.
Paola Sánchez Martínez Laboratório de Herpetologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22201/fc.25942158e.2025.2.1140

Palabras clave:

Hemipenial structures, Male genitalia, Neotropical region, taxonomy

Resumen

La morfología de los genitales masculinos, los hemipenes, ha sido de gran importancia y bastante útil para la identificación, diferenciación y taxonomía de Squamata, especialmente para especies con morfología externa similar, asimismo ha sido ampliamente utilizado para el establecimiento de relaciones filogenéticas. En los Andes Colombianos se encuentran 29 especies de Anolis pertenecientes al grupo fuscoauratus, lagartos con morfología muy similar, lo que los hace normalmente muy difíciles de identificar. Aquí estudiamos y comparamos la morfología hemipenial de cinco especies de Anolis distribuidos en los Andes Colombianos: Anolis antonii, A. fuscoauratus, A. mariarum, A. tolimensis y Anolis candidata 1. Para establecer si los caracteres hemipeniales pueden ser útiles para diferenciar entre estas especies realizamos una reconstrucción filogenética y ancestral de caracteres, incluyendo las especies anteriormente mencionadas junto con otras cercanas filogenéticamente. Nuestras observaciones evidenciaron que la presencia de la cresta de piel en la cara asulcada, su tamaño y extensión, así como el tamaño de los lóbulos respecto a la longitud total del hemipene, y la presencia de proyecciones carnosas pueden ser ampliamente útiles para la identificación de especies de Anolis. También presentamos la primera descripción de este órgano para A. antonii y A. tolimensis, y encontramos tres morfologías diferentes para A. mariarum. Finalmente, soportamos la propuesta de la nueva especie Anolis candidata 1, debido a su morfología hemipenial distinta a las demás especies del género, especialmente debido a su tamaño y prominencia de la cresta de piel.

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